M - FROM MINERALS TO ELEMENTS
Introduction 
Oxidation and Reduction
Group 7 Elements: The Halogens
Theory Of Solutions
Extracting Copper from its Ore
Acid-Base Theory
Introduction
Chemicals from the Sea
Introduction
This unit covers the principals involved in extrecting chemicals from underground and from within the oceans. It touches on ways in which chemicals are extracted from their ores, and copper is used as an example.
The bulk of the topic, however, is based on the chemical processes involved in this industrial process. Topics include:
Chemicals from the Sea
The Dead Sea is a vast reservoir of chemicals. Estimates suggest that there are 43 billion tonnes (43,000,000,000,000 T) of salts in the Dead Sea. The Sea is a major source of bromine. Bromide ions present in the Sea are converted into bromine by reaction with chlorine. This is an example of a redox reaction. This is a reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place. Bromine and chlorine are members of the Halogen family. Many of the reactions of the halogens are redox reactions.
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